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11th Edition

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Chapter 26Face-Negotiation Theory


Title:
"6 Things OKAY in the USA (but rude/prohibited in Japan)," Texan in Tokyo
Claim:
Individualism and collectivism
Application:
In this YouTube video, a couple (she's American, he's Japanese) discuss six cultural differences they've observed between the United States and Japan. As you watch, consider how these differences reflect the United States' individualism versus Japan's collectivism.
Discovered  By:
Andrew

Title:
Friends, S1, E9, "The One Where Underdog Gets Away"
Claim:
In conflict situations within individualistic societies, members usually have self-face concern and seek dominance by defending their opinion or behavior, expressing emotion, and through active or passive aggression.
Application:
When Chandler announces that an 80-foot balloon “Underdog” has broken free from the Thanksgiving parade, the whole group dashes out to go to the roof to see it floating by. When they come back they find that, in the rush, no one brought a key and they are locked out. Monica’s Thanksgiving meal is burning up, and Rachel can’t get her airline ticket to go skiing. The clip shows what self-face concern can look like, even among friends.
Cue Point:
13:50-14:40, 15:30-16:20, 17:30-20:30
Discovered  By:
Em

Title:
The Office, S5, E19, "Golden Ticket"
Claim:
People from individualistic cultures prioritize self-face concern by engaging in face-restoration behaviors.
Application:
In this classic episode of The Office, Michael is extremely confident that his golden ticket promotion is a great idea. Look for his face-restoration strategies -- even when the idea goes awry. The whole episode is an over-the-top satire of individualistic face-restoration in the American workplace.
Discovered  By:
Andrew

Title:
"Tolerate It", Taylor Swift, Evermore
Claim:
Face-giving is the other-concerned facework strategy used to defend and support another person's face, and specific conflict styles are associated with that approach.
Application:
This song, inspired by Daphne du Maurier's 1930s novel Rebecca, voices the story of a woman who does everything she can to strengthen and protect the face of her husband, but he does not reciprocate. Which conflict styles do you hear in the lyrics? The final rendition of the chorus warns about the downsides of the wife's facework strategy. How does this reveal that the song arises from an individualistic culture? How might a person from a collectivistic culture rewrite that final chorus?
Discovered  By:
Andrew

Title:
Crazy Rich Asians
Claim:
Conflict styles differ between individualistic and collectivistic cultures.
Application:
"SPOILER WARNING: This scene occurs near the end of the movie. Throughout the movie, Rachel Chu experiences conflict with her boyfriend's mother, Eleanor. This conflict turns on Eleanor's perception that Rachel's (individualistic) American identity is incompatible with her family's (collectivistic) Singaporean identity. You can see Eleanor acknowledge this in their initial meeting (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3sH0RqVPhg&list=PLZbXA4lyCtqrDSsX9g4KjfU5UPvrTXSmv&index=3) and at the start of this clip. Here, at the movie's climax, Rachel and Eleanor meet over a game of Mahjong. How does Rachel argue her case using a conflict style that might be more effective in a collectivistic cultural context? How might she have argued differently if her conflict took place in an individualistic cultural context?"
Discovered  By:
Andrew

Title:
Black Panther
Claim:
In individualistic cultures, people look out for themselves and emphasize "I" identity; in collectivistic cultures, people identify with larger groups and emphasize "we" identity.
Application:
In this scene, villain Erik "Killmonger" Stevens confronts T'Challa. What aspects of Erik indicate his individualistic American identity? And what aspects of T'Challa's response suggest that the fictional nation of Wakanda falls on the collectivistic side of the continuum?
Discovered  By:
Andrew

Title:
"Guide to Gift Giving in China", Yoyo Chinese
Claim:
Collectivistic cultures are often high-context cultures where meaning is communicated indirectly.
Application:
This video explains what gifts to avoid when trying to show appreciation and respect for Chinese recipients. The reasons for avoiding these gifts have to do with contextual cultural meanings, such as the similarity between the pronunciation of the gift and something undesirable. Can you think of gifts that are inappropriate to give in Western contexts for similar reasons? I (Andrew) have asked many classes of my students, and they haven't been able to name one. That reveals, I think, that the United States is a low-context culture.
Cue Point:
Starting at 3:06
Discovered  By:
Andrew


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