Theoretical considerations

Courtney Vail Fletcher, Masato Nakazawa, Yea-Win Chen, John G. Oetzel, Stella Ting-Toomey, Shau-Ju Chang, and Qin Zhang, “Establishing Cross-Cultural Measurement Equivalence of Scales Associated with Face-Negotiation Theory: A Critical Issue in Cross-Cultural Comparisons,” Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 7, 2014, pp. 148-169.

Mai Nguyen-Phuong-Mai, Cees Terlouw, and Albert Pilot, “Revisiting Facework with a New Analysis Instrument,” Journal of Intercultural Communication, Vol. 36, 2014.

Andy J. Merolla, “Further Testing Hope’s Role in Constructive Conflict Communication,” Communication Quarterly, Vol. 65, 2017, pp. 481-501.

Stella Ting-Toomey, “Managing Identity Issues in Intercultural Conflict Communication: Developing a Multicultural Identity Attunement Lens,” in The Oxford Handbook of Multicultural Identity, Verónica Benet-Martínez and Ying-yi Hong (eds.), Oxford University Press, New York, 2014, pp. 485-506.

Qin Zhang, John G. Oetzel, Stella Ting-Toomey, and Jibiao Zhang, “Making Up or Getting Even? The Effects of Face Concerns, Self-Construal, and Apology on Forgiveness, Reconciliation, and Revenge in the United States and China,” Communication Research, Vol. 46 (4), 2019, pp. 503–24.

Interpersonal and family applications

Min Kyong Cho and Alan Sillars, “Face Threat and Facework Strategies When Family (Health) Secrets Are Revealed: A Comparison of South Korea and the United States,” Journal of Communication, Vol. 65, 2015, pp. 535-557.

Andrew M. Ledbetter and Corley B. Herbert, “Revisiting the Impression Management Model: The Mediating Role of Net Benefits, the Moderating Role of Communication Competence, and the Importance of Mutual-Face Concern,” Information, Communication & Society, Vol. 25 (3), 2022, pp. 449–69.

Andy J. Merolla and Jennifer A. Kam, “Parental Hope Communication and Parent-Adolescent Constructive Conflict Management: A Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis,” Journal of Family Communication, Vol. 18, 2018, pp. 32-50.

James W. Neuliep and Morgan Johnson, “A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Ecuadorian and United States Face, Facework, and Conflict Styles During Interpersonal conflict: An Application of Face-Negotiation Theory,” Journal of International & Intercultural Communication, Vol. 9, 2016, pp. 1-19.

Laura A. Oramas, Dionne P. Stephens, and Melody Whiddon, “Influence of Parental Conflict Resolution Strategies on Hispanic College Women’s Experiences With Verbal Aggression,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 32, 2017, pp. 2908-2928.

Tiffany R. Tili and Gina G. Barker, “Communication in Intercultural Marriages: Managing Cultural Differences and Conflicts,” Southern Communication Journal, Vol. 80, 2015, pp. 189-210.

Qin Zhang, Stella Ting-Toomey, and John G. Oetzel, “Linking Emotion to the Conflict Face-Negotiation Theory: A U.S.-China Investigation of the Mediating Effects of Anger, Compassion, and Guilt in Interpersonal Conflict,” Human Communication Research, Vol. 40, 2014, pp. 373-395.

Workplace and organizational applications

Wonsun (Sunny) Kim, Anne M. Nicotera, and Julie McNulty, “Nurses' Perceptions of Conflict as Constructive or Destructive,” Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 71, 2015, pp. 2073-2083.

Yuping Mao and Claudia Hale, “Relating Intercultural Communication Sensitivity to Conflict Management Styles, Technology Use, and Organizational Communication Satisfaction in Multinational Organizations in China,” Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, Vol. 44, 2015, pp. 132-150.

Erin M. Richard and Michael McFadden, “Saving Face: Reactions to Cultural Norm Violations in Business Request Emails,” Journal of Business & Psychology, Vol. 31, 2016, pp. 307-321.

Other applied Contexts

Hedy Greijdanus, Tom Postmes, Ernestine Gordijn, and Martijn van Zomeren, “Steeling Ourselves: Intragroup Communication While Anticipating Intergroup Contact Evokes Defensive Intergroup Perceptions,” PLOS ONE, Vol. 10, 2015, pp. 1-23.

Tao Lin, “The Concepts of ‘Politeness’: A Comparative Study in Chinese and Japanese Verbal Communication,” Intercultural Communication Studies, Vol. 22, 2013, pp. 151-165.

James W. Neuliep and Morgan Johnson, “Do U.S. and Ecuadorian Students Differ in Their Conflict Styles?,” Communication Currents, Vol. 11, 2016, pp. 1-2, available online at https://www.natcom.org/communication-currents/do-us-and-ecuadorian-students-differ-their-conflict-styles

LaCount J. Togans, Thomas Holtgraves, Gyeongnam Kwon, and Tania E. Morales Zelaya, “Digitally Saving Face: An Experimental Investigation of Cross-Cultural Differences in the Use of Emoticons and Emoji,” Journal of Pragmatics, Vol. 186, 2021 (December), pp. 277–88.

Adrian Toomey, Tenzin Dorjee, and Stella Ting-Toomey, “Bicultural Identity Negotiation, Conflicts, and Intergroup Communication Strategies,” Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, Vol. 42, 2013, pp. 112-134.

Svenja Wachsmuth, Sophia Jowett, Chris G. Harwood, “Conflict Among Athletes and Their Coaches: What is the Theory and Research So Far?” International Review of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol. 10, 2017, pp. 84-107.

Teaching ideas

Christina G. Yoshimura, C. G. “Teaching Communication and Conflict as a Game,” Communication Teacher, Vol. 31, 2017, pp. 231-238.