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From the Instructors Manual, with additional notes from the authors
List mode: Normal (click on theory name to show detail) | Show All details (Or click on a theory name to collapse the list)
Chapter 1—Launching Your Study of Communication Theory
The content of this chapter remains much the same as the previous edition, although it has been edited for clarity and readability. The principal difference is the change in cartoon which serves as a chapter-wide example.
Chapter 2—Talk About Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity and readability but the content is consistent with the previous edition of A First Look.
Chapter 3—Weighing the Words
This chapter has been edited for clarity and readability. However, the overall content remains the same as in the 9th edition.
Chapter 4—Mapping the Territory
The core content of this chapter remains consistent with the previous edition of A First Look but has been edited for clarity and consistency. One change, however, is that after each tradition and the accompanying illustrative research, the section ends with a recap of the practical question addressed and an explanation of why the research drew from that tradition. Revised examples drawing on the rhetorical and critical traditions are provided and the discussion of a proposed ethical tradition has been clarified.
Chapter 6—Coordinated Management of Meaning
The concept of coherence is now tied to stories told. A new cartoon is used to illustrate the LUUUUTT model, specifically the four types of stories abbreviated with the letter U, and a new cartoon points to these versions. The term logical force is defined further. In describing the values espoused in CMM, how to make a better social world is a prescription or mandate.
Chapter 7—Expectancy Violations Theory
The content of this chapter, which has been edited for clarity and precision, is largely unchanged from the previous edition. The relationship among expectancy, violation valence, and communicator reward valence has been refined by Burgoon and has therefore been updated here. Previous editions discussed Kant’s categorical imperative as an ethical consideration but that material is omitted here and replaced with an extension of theory to the situation where communicators use cell phones during face-to-face conversations.
Chapter 8—Social Penetration Theory
This chapter has been lightly edited for clarity. New research on the power of revealing autobiographic memories for connecting with others has been included in the section on breadth and depth of disclosure. The concluding paragraph applies the criteria for evaluating objective theories to social penetration theory.
Chapter 9—Uncertainty Reduction Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity and precision. Based on recently published scholarship, the treatment of the relational turbulence model has been altered to reflect the development of relational turbulence theory.
Chapter 10—Social Information Processing Theory
The material in this chapter has been heavily reorganized for clarity and precision. Throughout the chapter, the term “CMC” [computer mediated communication] has been replaced by “online” for clearer presentation to students and in keeping with the less-frequent use of this term in contemporary scholarly research. In addition, a new critique section introduces the scholarship of Sherry Turkle, who has challenged the assumption that online communication is beneficial for relationships.
Chapter 11—Relational Dialectics THeory
This chapter has been almost entirely rewritten. The new version builds from the second version of Baxter’s relational dialectics theory, which is particularly popular with scholars doing cutting-edge research using the theory. Accordingly, Bakhtin has been identified as a co-creator of the theory. The research of dialectical scholars is broadly incorporated in the chapter, focusing primarily on contradictions in families. In previous editions, the film Bend it Like Beckham was used as an example throughout the chapter, but here it has been dropped in favor of examples drawn from research using the theory.
Chapter 12—Communication Privacy Management Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity and readability. In particular, the material on boundary ownership has been reorganized and the term stakeholder has been added alongside shareholder.
Chapter 14—Social Judgment Theory
The treatment of social judgment theory has been edited for clarity and precision. The chapter-wide illustration has been altered in this edition. Previously, the example involved a pilot convincing a worried passenger that flying is safe. In this edition, the example focuses on two roommates, David and Ryan, and their different views on gun safety. The chapter now concludes with an ethical reflection of Kant’s categorical imperative. Previously, this material was included in the chapter on expectancy violations theory.
Chapter 15—Elaboration Likelihood Model
This chapter has been edited for clarity. In addition, the section on the power of a celebrity as an endorser has been revised and updated. We now know that the sway of a celebrity endorsement may not be entirely based on peripheral thinking, but may be processed on the central route if the product being advertised is perceived as both highly important and contributes to the endorser’s success or fame. Recent research is cited to support this addendum.
Chapter 16—Cognitive Dissonance
This chapter has been edited for clarity and precision. For the bulk of the chapter, no new material has been added. However, in the critique that concludes the chapter, the comments have been reordered and new research is introduced that suggests cognitive dissonance theory is testable, even if that is difficult to do.
Chapter 17—Functional Perspective on Group Decision Making
The chapter has been edited for clarity and readability. Previous editions included a discussion of the Functional Oriented Interaction Coding System (FOICS); that material has been removed from this edition. The critique section has been revised to have a more extended discussion of bona fide groups.
Chapter 18—Symbolic Convergence Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity and readability, but the content remains consistent with the 9th edition. The critique has been retooled to reflect the theory’s benefits and liabilities from both an objective and humanistic perspective.
Chapter 19—Cultural Approach to Organizations
The material has been lightly edited for clarity and precision but otherwise remains the same. A few of the featured examples have been entered or modified in this edition, such as a new student application log entry.
Chapter 20—Communicative Constitutions of Organizations
After being introduced in the 9th edition of A First Look, this chapter has been lightly edited for clarity and readability. The content remains the same.
Chapter 21—Critical Theory of Communication in Organizations
This material has been edited for clarity and precision. An example of a corporation where managers build lasting relationships with workers rather than focusing on control has been added. The critique section has been revised to highlight the strengths of the theory vis-à-vis the criteria for good interpretive theory, and now concludes with Deetz’ summary of his life work.
Chapter 22—The Rhetoric
The chapter offers increased clarity of the nature and role of logos, pathos, and ethos. Although the description of Aristotle’s rhetoric remains consistent, the chapter is restructured around a new example. Replacing Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech, the authors now focus the chapter around Barack Obama’s commencement address at Notre Dame. Though changing the illustrative speech means the chapter reads very differently and is more contemporary, the essence of Aristotle’s rhetoric—logos, ethos, pathos and the canons of rhetoric—continue to be the centerpiece of the chapter. In their critique, the authors position The Rhetoric squarely in the middle between interpretive and empirical theories.
Chapter 23—Dramatism
This chapter has been heavily reorganized and rewritten. The chapter now introduces Burke’s general beliefs about human nature and communication before describing the pentad as a tool for analysis. Burke’s quest for understanding human symbolic action becomes much more central than it appeared in previous editions of A First Look. New examples from American presidential and election rhetoric serve to illustrate the various principles in the chapter.
Chapter 24—Narrative Paradigm
The chapter-long illustration has been changed in this edition of A First Look. Previously the biblical story of Ruth and Boaz (as interpreted by Buechner) was told to illustrate the concepts but this edition features the biblical story of Hosea and Gomer (also as interpreted by Buechner). In addition, this chapter has been edited for clarity and readability. Lastly, the critique has been edited and streamlined.
Chapter 25—Media Ecology
The content of this chapter has been edited for clarity and readability. New research has been integrated on the Twitter phenomenon to extend and illustrate the theory to the new media environment. Discussion of McLuhan’s inspiration based on his Catholic faith has been further developed to show its impact on his theoretical commitments. Lastly, the critique has been revised to show the liabilities of his theory when using empirical standards and its (relative) strengths as viewed from an interpretive perspective.
Chapter 26—Semiotics
This chapter has been shortened and simplified. It no longer attempts to describe Peirce’s alternative theory of semiotics, but continues to refer to his classification of signs as symbolic, iconic, or indexical, and illustrates these three with feature films. This chapter includes a new cartoon that illustrates a sign that has definitely lost its history.
Chapter 27—Cultural Studies
A new ethical reflection is included, focusing on Larry Frey’s communication activism for social justice, which replaces Cornel West’s prophetic pragmatism that was featured in the previous edition. There are new examples to illustrate Gans’ five factors that affect news selection to favor those with power, fame, or fortune. The critique is now based on the six criteria for an interpretive theory.
Chapter 28—Uses and Gratifications
This chapter has been edited for clarity. In addition, new research from twin studies shows that media choices are partially driven by wired-in genetic predispositions. The concept of parasocial relationships in the age of new media is also discussed.
Chapter 29—Cultivation Theory
The chapter has been edited for clarity and precision. A new cartoon focuses on the theory’s concept of mainstreaming.
Chapter 30—Agenda-Setting Theory
This chapter has been substantially overhauled in the current edition, so much so that it practically reads like a new chapter. The chapter is now organized around the various levels of agenda-setting which integrates the discussion of framing rather than treating it as a separate topic as in previous editions. This revision includes, for the first time, coverage of the third level of agenda-setting. Each level is illustrated with contemporary research, largely from the realm of political communication. The coverage of the behavioral effects of agenda-setting and who are the agenda-setters has been expanded. As agenda-setting faces challenges in the digital age, the chapter discusses the melding of communities. Lastly, the critique has been adjusted to show the value of agenda-setting as an empirical theory and to consider whether the theory’s claims may be challenged by algorithmic gatekeeping in the social media era.
Chapter 31—Genderlect Styles
The material has been edited for clarity and readability. The chapter also presents a bit more on the psychological research that serves as further empirical evidence supporting Tannen’s claims. Pennebaker’s work is included, which suggests that, in terms of quantity (words spoken daily), women and men are similar.
Chapter 32—Standpoint Theory
In addition to edits for clarity, this edition highlights the difference between a social location and a standpoint, which was obscured in previous editions. Whereas the former is the result of experiences and sense-making, the latter involves important critical reflection on and awareness of power relations. This point sharpens the chapter to clarify that a standpoint is an achievement, not a given based on context and biography. The critique has been refined to examine the theory according to interpretive standards, to include John McWhorter’s critique of rhetorical appeals to privilege, and to briefly describe intersectionality.
Chapter 33—Muted Group Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity. In addition, the discussion about the tech industry has been altered to include the views of Sheryl Sandberg of Facebook. The brief coverage of co-cultural theory has been eliminated; Orbe’s theory now has a chapter-length treatment (ch. 36). The critique has been streamlined to highlight the theory’s relative strengths and weaknesses as an interpretive theory.
Chapter 34—Communication Accommodation Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity and readability and, most importantly, to include material from Giles’ 2016 edited book on the theory’s state of the art. The chapter places heavier emphasis on the perception of social distance between groups as a motive for accommodation. The concept of counteraccommodation—as a form of divergence—receives broader treatment and clarification, as does Tajfel and Turner’s explanation of intergroup contact.
Chapter 35—Face-Negotiation Theory
Much of this chapter has been reworked in this edition. Some elements of the chapter have been eliminated or streamlined including high/low context, expanded conflict styles, and power distance. An additional shift aligns the chapter more with self-, other-, or mutual face concern and how conflict styles emphasize those concerns. To provide students with state-of-the-art understanding in light of recent research, the conflict styles are now clustered into three umbrella terms (dominating, avoidance, and integration). The critique now considers the theory in light of the six standards for an empirically-based theory.
Chapter 37—Common Threads in Comm Theories
This chapter is edited for clarity as well as updating the connection points to include the new theories (i.e., media multiplexity theory and co-cultural theory) in this edition.
You can access Changes for a particular chapter in several ways:
Resources
by Type
Instructors can get
additional resources.
Read more
New to Theory
Resources?
Find out more
in this short
video overview
(3:01).
From the Instructors Manual, with additional notes from the authors
List mode: Normal (click on theory name to show detail) | Show All details (Or click on a theory name to collapse the list)
Chapter 1—Launching Your Study of Communication Theory
The content of this chapter remains much the same as the previous edition, although it has been edited for clarity and readability. The principal difference is the change in cartoon which serves as a chapter-wide example.
Chapter 2—Talk About Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity and readability but the content is consistent with the previous edition of A First Look.
Chapter 3—Weighing the Words
This chapter has been edited for clarity and readability. However, the overall content remains the same as in the 9th edition.
Chapter 4—Mapping the Territory
The core content of this chapter remains consistent with the previous edition of A First Look but has been edited for clarity and consistency. One change, however, is that after each tradition and the accompanying illustrative research, the section ends with a recap of the practical question addressed and an explanation of why the research drew from that tradition. Revised examples drawing on the rhetorical and critical traditions are provided and the discussion of a proposed ethical tradition has been clarified.
Chapter 6—Coordinated Management of Meaning
The concept of coherence is now tied to stories told. A new cartoon is used to illustrate the LUUUUTT model, specifically the four types of stories abbreviated with the letter U, and a new cartoon points to these versions. The term logical force is defined further. In describing the values espoused in CMM, how to make a better social world is a prescription or mandate.
Chapter 7—Expectancy Violations Theory
The content of this chapter, which has been edited for clarity and precision, is largely unchanged from the previous edition. The relationship among expectancy, violation valence, and communicator reward valence has been refined by Burgoon and has therefore been updated here. Previous editions discussed Kant’s categorical imperative as an ethical consideration but that material is omitted here and replaced with an extension of theory to the situation where communicators use cell phones during face-to-face conversations.
Chapter 8—Social Penetration Theory
This chapter has been lightly edited for clarity. New research on the power of revealing autobiographic memories for connecting with others has been included in the section on breadth and depth of disclosure. The concluding paragraph applies the criteria for evaluating objective theories to social penetration theory.
Chapter 9—Uncertainty Reduction Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity and precision. Based on recently published scholarship, the treatment of the relational turbulence model has been altered to reflect the development of relational turbulence theory.
Chapter 10—Social Information Processing Theory
The material in this chapter has been heavily reorganized for clarity and precision. Throughout the chapter, the term “CMC” [computer mediated communication] has been replaced by “online” for clearer presentation to students and in keeping with the less-frequent use of this term in contemporary scholarly research. In addition, a new critique section introduces the scholarship of Sherry Turkle, who has challenged the assumption that online communication is beneficial for relationships.
Chapter 11—Relational Dialectics THeory
This chapter has been almost entirely rewritten. The new version builds from the second version of Baxter’s relational dialectics theory, which is particularly popular with scholars doing cutting-edge research using the theory. Accordingly, Bakhtin has been identified as a co-creator of the theory. The research of dialectical scholars is broadly incorporated in the chapter, focusing primarily on contradictions in families. In previous editions, the film Bend it Like Beckham was used as an example throughout the chapter, but here it has been dropped in favor of examples drawn from research using the theory.
Chapter 12—Communication Privacy Management Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity and readability. In particular, the material on boundary ownership has been reorganized and the term stakeholder has been added alongside shareholder.
Chapter 14—Social Judgment Theory
The treatment of social judgment theory has been edited for clarity and precision. The chapter-wide illustration has been altered in this edition. Previously, the example involved a pilot convincing a worried passenger that flying is safe. In this edition, the example focuses on two roommates, David and Ryan, and their different views on gun safety. The chapter now concludes with an ethical reflection of Kant’s categorical imperative. Previously, this material was included in the chapter on expectancy violations theory.
Chapter 15—Elaboration Likelihood Model
This chapter has been edited for clarity. In addition, the section on the power of a celebrity as an endorser has been revised and updated. We now know that the sway of a celebrity endorsement may not be entirely based on peripheral thinking, but may be processed on the central route if the product being advertised is perceived as both highly important and contributes to the endorser’s success or fame. Recent research is cited to support this addendum.
Chapter 16—Cognitive Dissonance
This chapter has been edited for clarity and precision. For the bulk of the chapter, no new material has been added. However, in the critique that concludes the chapter, the comments have been reordered and new research is introduced that suggests cognitive dissonance theory is testable, even if that is difficult to do.
Chapter 17—Functional Perspective on Group Decision Making
The chapter has been edited for clarity and readability. Previous editions included a discussion of the Functional Oriented Interaction Coding System (FOICS); that material has been removed from this edition. The critique section has been revised to have a more extended discussion of bona fide groups.
Chapter 18—Symbolic Convergence Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity and readability, but the content remains consistent with the 9th edition. The critique has been retooled to reflect the theory’s benefits and liabilities from both an objective and humanistic perspective.
Chapter 19—Cultural Approach to Organizations
The material has been lightly edited for clarity and precision but otherwise remains the same. A few of the featured examples have been entered or modified in this edition, such as a new student application log entry.
Chapter 20—Communicative Constitutions of Organizations
After being introduced in the 9th edition of A First Look, this chapter has been lightly edited for clarity and readability. The content remains the same.
Chapter 21—Critical Theory of Communication in Organizations
This material has been edited for clarity and precision. An example of a corporation where managers build lasting relationships with workers rather than focusing on control has been added. The critique section has been revised to highlight the strengths of the theory vis-à-vis the criteria for good interpretive theory, and now concludes with Deetz’ summary of his life work.
Chapter 22—The Rhetoric
The chapter offers increased clarity of the nature and role of logos, pathos, and ethos. Although the description of Aristotle’s rhetoric remains consistent, the chapter is restructured around a new example. Replacing Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech, the authors now focus the chapter around Barack Obama’s commencement address at Notre Dame. Though changing the illustrative speech means the chapter reads very differently and is more contemporary, the essence of Aristotle’s rhetoric—logos, ethos, pathos and the canons of rhetoric—continue to be the centerpiece of the chapter. In their critique, the authors position The Rhetoric squarely in the middle between interpretive and empirical theories.
Chapter 23—Dramatism
This chapter has been heavily reorganized and rewritten. The chapter now introduces Burke’s general beliefs about human nature and communication before describing the pentad as a tool for analysis. Burke’s quest for understanding human symbolic action becomes much more central than it appeared in previous editions of A First Look. New examples from American presidential and election rhetoric serve to illustrate the various principles in the chapter.
Chapter 24—Narrative Paradigm
The chapter-long illustration has been changed in this edition of A First Look. Previously the biblical story of Ruth and Boaz (as interpreted by Buechner) was told to illustrate the concepts but this edition features the biblical story of Hosea and Gomer (also as interpreted by Buechner). In addition, this chapter has been edited for clarity and readability. Lastly, the critique has been edited and streamlined.
Chapter 25—Media Ecology
The content of this chapter has been edited for clarity and readability. New research has been integrated on the Twitter phenomenon to extend and illustrate the theory to the new media environment. Discussion of McLuhan’s inspiration based on his Catholic faith has been further developed to show its impact on his theoretical commitments. Lastly, the critique has been revised to show the liabilities of his theory when using empirical standards and its (relative) strengths as viewed from an interpretive perspective.
Chapter 26—Semiotics
This chapter has been shortened and simplified. It no longer attempts to describe Peirce’s alternative theory of semiotics, but continues to refer to his classification of signs as symbolic, iconic, or indexical, and illustrates these three with feature films. This chapter includes a new cartoon that illustrates a sign that has definitely lost its history.
Chapter 27—Cultural Studies
A new ethical reflection is included, focusing on Larry Frey’s communication activism for social justice, which replaces Cornel West’s prophetic pragmatism that was featured in the previous edition. There are new examples to illustrate Gans’ five factors that affect news selection to favor those with power, fame, or fortune. The critique is now based on the six criteria for an interpretive theory.
Chapter 28—Uses and Gratifications
This chapter has been edited for clarity. In addition, new research from twin studies shows that media choices are partially driven by wired-in genetic predispositions. The concept of parasocial relationships in the age of new media is also discussed.
Chapter 29—Cultivation Theory
The chapter has been edited for clarity and precision. A new cartoon focuses on the theory’s concept of mainstreaming.
Chapter 30—Agenda-Setting Theory
This chapter has been substantially overhauled in the current edition, so much so that it practically reads like a new chapter. The chapter is now organized around the various levels of agenda-setting which integrates the discussion of framing rather than treating it as a separate topic as in previous editions. This revision includes, for the first time, coverage of the third level of agenda-setting. Each level is illustrated with contemporary research, largely from the realm of political communication. The coverage of the behavioral effects of agenda-setting and who are the agenda-setters has been expanded. As agenda-setting faces challenges in the digital age, the chapter discusses the melding of communities. Lastly, the critique has been adjusted to show the value of agenda-setting as an empirical theory and to consider whether the theory’s claims may be challenged by algorithmic gatekeeping in the social media era.
Chapter 31—Genderlect Styles
The material has been edited for clarity and readability. The chapter also presents a bit more on the psychological research that serves as further empirical evidence supporting Tannen’s claims. Pennebaker’s work is included, which suggests that, in terms of quantity (words spoken daily), women and men are similar.
Chapter 32—Standpoint Theory
In addition to edits for clarity, this edition highlights the difference between a social location and a standpoint, which was obscured in previous editions. Whereas the former is the result of experiences and sense-making, the latter involves important critical reflection on and awareness of power relations. This point sharpens the chapter to clarify that a standpoint is an achievement, not a given based on context and biography. The critique has been refined to examine the theory according to interpretive standards, to include John McWhorter’s critique of rhetorical appeals to privilege, and to briefly describe intersectionality.
Chapter 33—Muted Group Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity. In addition, the discussion about the tech industry has been altered to include the views of Sheryl Sandberg of Facebook. The brief coverage of co-cultural theory has been eliminated; Orbe’s theory now has a chapter-length treatment (ch. 36). The critique has been streamlined to highlight the theory’s relative strengths and weaknesses as an interpretive theory.
Chapter 34—Communication Accommodation Theory
This chapter has been edited for clarity and readability and, most importantly, to include material from Giles’ 2016 edited book on the theory’s state of the art. The chapter places heavier emphasis on the perception of social distance between groups as a motive for accommodation. The concept of counteraccommodation—as a form of divergence—receives broader treatment and clarification, as does Tajfel and Turner’s explanation of intergroup contact.
Chapter 35—Face-Negotiation Theory
Much of this chapter has been reworked in this edition. Some elements of the chapter have been eliminated or streamlined including high/low context, expanded conflict styles, and power distance. An additional shift aligns the chapter more with self-, other-, or mutual face concern and how conflict styles emphasize those concerns. To provide students with state-of-the-art understanding in light of recent research, the conflict styles are now clustered into three umbrella terms (dominating, avoidance, and integration). The critique now considers the theory in light of the six standards for an empirically-based theory.
Chapter 37—Common Threads in Comm Theories
This chapter is edited for clarity as well as updating the connection points to include the new theories (i.e., media multiplexity theory and co-cultural theory) in this edition.
You can access Changes for a particular chapter in several ways:
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